Tuning Systems & Interval Ratios: Difference between revisions
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*Student will have a basic understanding of tuning discrepancies based on harmonics and interval ratios | *Student will have a basic understanding of tuning discrepancies based on harmonics and interval ratios | ||
*Student will understand the concept of beats and how they are used to tune an instrument | *Student will understand the concept of beats and how they are used to tune an instrument | ||
*Student will be exposed to tuning variations in Indian Raga, Javanese Gamelan, and Maqam | *Student will be exposed to tuning variations and fluidity in Indian Raga, Javanese Gamelan, Mariachi, Tuva Throat Singing, and Maqam | ||
*Student will understand the relationship between diatonic intervals and frequency ratios | *Student will understand the relationship between diatonic intervals and frequency ratios | ||
*Student will be able to derive intervals from frequency calculations | *Student will be able to derive intervals from frequency calculations | ||
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====Readings==== | ====Readings==== | ||
*[https://drive.google.com/ | *[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YX8hD26kSaUAQXP4VbYRuwUqggBNoisd/view?usp=sharing Handout on Simple Intervals and the Harmonic Series] | ||
*[https://www.kylegann.com/microtonality.html Gann, "Information on Alternate Tunings"] | *[https://www.kylegann.com/microtonality.html Gann, "Information on Alternate Tunings"] | ||
*''Music Crash Courses'': [http://www.musiccrashcourses.com/lessons/tuning_systems.html Tuning Systems] | *''Music Crash Courses'': [http://www.musiccrashcourses.com/lessons/tuning_systems.html Tuning Systems] | ||
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**[http://legacy.earlham.edu/~tobeyfo/musictheory/Book1/FFH1_CH2/2C_Consonance-Dissonance.html Chapter 2C: Consonance and Dissonance] | **[http://legacy.earlham.edu/~tobeyfo/musictheory/Book1/FFH1_CH2/2C_Consonance-Dissonance.html Chapter 2C: Consonance and Dissonance] | ||
**[http://legacy.earlham.edu/~tobeyfo/musictheory/Book1/FFH1_CH2/2E_JustIntonation.html Chapter 2E: Just Intonation] | **[http://legacy.earlham.edu/~tobeyfo/musictheory/Book1/FFH1_CH2/2E_JustIntonation.html Chapter 2E: Just Intonation] | ||
**[http://legacy.earlham.edu/~tobeyfo/musictheory/Book1/FFH1_CH2/2M_HarmonicSeries.html Chapter 2M: Harmonic Series] | |||
**[http://legacy.earlham.edu/~tobeyfo/musictheory/Book1/FFH1_CH2/2D_Pythagorean-Intonation.html Chapter 2D: Pythagorean Intonation] | **[http://legacy.earlham.edu/~tobeyfo/musictheory/Book1/FFH1_CH2/2D_Pythagorean-Intonation.html Chapter 2D: Pythagorean Intonation] | ||
**Optional Material on Commas - [http://legacy.earlham.edu/~tobeyfo/musictheory/Book1/FFH1_CH1/1N_Pythagorean_Comma.html Chapter 1N: The Pythagorean Comma], [http://legacy.earlham.edu/~tobeyfo/musictheory/Book1/FFH1_CH2/2F_SyntonicComma.html 3E: The Other Commas] | **Optional Material on Commas - [http://legacy.earlham.edu/~tobeyfo/musictheory/Book1/FFH1_CH1/1N_Pythagorean_Comma.html Chapter 1N: The Pythagorean Comma], [http://legacy.earlham.edu/~tobeyfo/musictheory/Book1/FFH1_CH2/2F_SyntonicComma.html 3E: The Other Commas] | ||
====te'''Instructor References'''==== | ====te'''Instructor References'''==== | ||
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*Demonstration of different tuning systems and temperaments | *Demonstration of different tuning systems and temperaments | ||
*Demonstration of interval ratios using a monochord. | |||
*Calculation of intervals using just intonation ratios - discussion of tuning discrepancies | *Calculation of intervals using just intonation ratios - discussion of tuning discrepancies | ||
*Demonstration of beats | *Demonstration of beats | ||
Latest revision as of 19:04, 21 December 2024
| This lesson is part of the Fundamentals of Sound & Music module. |
Objectives
- Students will understand the concept of tuning systems and temperaments.
- Student will understand the basis of 12-TET tuning (including definitions of cents and semitones)
- Student will know the general differences between 12-TET and just intonation.
- Students will be able to derive harmonic frequencies according to simple arithmetic calculations (using harmonics or interval ratios).
- Student will have a basic understanding of tuning discrepancies based on harmonics and interval ratios
- Student will understand the concept of beats and how they are used to tune an instrument
- Student will be exposed to tuning variations and fluidity in Indian Raga, Javanese Gamelan, Mariachi, Tuva Throat Singing, and Maqam
- Student will understand the relationship between diatonic intervals and frequency ratios
- Student will be able to derive intervals from frequency calculations
Resources
Readings
- Handout on Simple Intervals and the Harmonic Series
- Gann, "Information on Alternate Tunings"
- Music Crash Courses: Tuning Systems
- Lewis, "Understanding Temperaments"
- Tobey, A Feeling for Harmony:
teInstructor References
- Wolfe, Physclips: Tartini Tones, Consonance, Temperament, Harmony, And Scales
- Forster, Excerpts from Musical Mathematics:
- Rubinstein, "Well vs. Equal Temperament"
Listening and Videos
- Cris Forsters Instruments and Music:
- The Rasa: "Microtonal Star Wars Cantina Band"
- 12Tone:
- MinutePhysics: Why It's Impossible to Tune a Piano
- Huykens-Foker Foundation: Temperament Examples
Tools
- Offtonic: Microtonal Synthesizer
- Academo: 19TET Keyboard
- Sevish: Scale Workshop
- Apple Logic Pro Manual: Tuning Settings
- Norris:
- Wolfram: Pythagorean, Meantone, and Equal Temperament Scales
- Thompson, Just Intonation Interval Calculator
- Scala (software)
Class Activities
- Demonstration of different tuning systems and temperaments
- Demonstration of interval ratios using a monochord.
- Calculation of intervals using just intonation ratios - discussion of tuning discrepancies
- Demonstration of beats