Introduction to Notation Systems: Difference between revisions
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==Objectives== | ==Objectives== | ||
* | *Student will be able to critically assess the difference between an aural cue and its visual representation | ||
*Student will learn the definitions of etic vs. emic; prescriptive vs. descriptive notations | |||
*Student will be able to identify the emic/etic and descriptive/prescriptive aspects of various notations | |||
*Student will assess the functionality of different notation system(s) according to specific goals (i.e. performativity vs. representation) | |||
*Student will be familiar with various notation systems and the main sonic aspect they represent, notably: guitar tablature, lead sheet notation, braille music notation, and electronic notation formats such as Standard MIDI File and MusicXML. | |||
==Resources== | ==Resources== | ||
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*C. Rowbury, [https://blog.chrisrowbury.com/2010/10/song-is-not-sheet-music.html "The song is not the sheet music!"] (''From the Front of the Choir'' Blog, 2010) | *C. Rowbury, [https://blog.chrisrowbury.com/2010/10/song-is-not-sheet-music.html "The song is not the sheet music!"] (''From the Front of the Choir'' Blog, 2010) | ||
*C. Rowbury, [https://blog.chrisrowbury.com/2011/02/using-sheet-music-to-teach-and-learn.html "Using sheet music to teach and learn songs: the Pros and Cons"] (''From the Front of the Choir'' Blog, 2011) | *C. Rowbury, [https://blog.chrisrowbury.com/2011/02/using-sheet-music-to-teach-and-learn.html "Using sheet music to teach and learn songs: the Pros and Cons"] (''From the Front of the Choir'' Blog, 2011) | ||
*[http://globalnotation.org.uk/specifying-the-information-you-want/ "Specifying the information you want."] (''Global Notation'' Website, 2020) | *[http://globalnotation.org.uk/specifying-the-information-you-want/ "Specifying the information you want."] (''Global Notation'' Website, 2020)<br /> | ||
<u>''Histories of Western Notations''</u> | <u>''Histories of Western Notations''</u> | ||
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*V. Williams. [https://www.mymusictheory.com/reference/345-the-evolution-of-music-notation "The Evolution of music notation."] (''My Music Theory'' Blog) | *V. Williams. [https://www.mymusictheory.com/reference/345-the-evolution-of-music-notation "The Evolution of music notation."] (''My Music Theory'' Blog) | ||
*D. Hall, [http://davidhall.io/visualising-music-graphic-scores/ "The Art of Visualizing Music."] | *D. Hall, [http://davidhall.io/visualising-music-graphic-scores/ "The Art of Visualizing Music."] | ||
''<u>Individual Notation Types</u>'' | ''<u>Individual Notation Types</u>'' | ||
* | *Western notations through history | ||
**Chant Notation | **Chant Notation(s) | ||
**Rhythmic Modes | **Rhythmic Modes | ||
**Protonotation: Shaffer et al. [http://openmusictheory.com/protonotation.html "Protonotation"] (''Open Music Theory'') | **Protonotation: Shaffer et al. [http://openmusictheory.com/protonotation.html "Protonotation"] (''Open Music Theory'') | ||
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**[https://fasola.org/resources/ Sacred Harp Shape Note Singing] | **[https://fasola.org/resources/ Sacred Harp Shape Note Singing] | ||
**Drum Notation: [https://web.archive.org/web/20131206152241/http://www.drumbook.org/drum-lessons/beginner-drums/drum-notation/ "Drum Notation."] (''Drum Book'' 2013) | **Drum Notation: [https://web.archive.org/web/20131206152241/http://www.drumbook.org/drum-lessons/beginner-drums/drum-notation/ "Drum Notation."] (''Drum Book'' 2013) | ||
* | *Common popular music notations | ||
**Jazz Chart Notation: [https://www.jazzguitar.be/blog/how-to-read-jazz-chords/ "How to read jazz chords and lead sheets."] (''Jazz Guitar Online'') | **Jazz Chart Notation: [https://www.jazzguitar.be/blog/how-to-read-jazz-chords/ "How to read jazz chords and lead sheets."] (''Jazz Guitar Online'') | ||
**[http://www.jazzstudies.us][[Jazz Chord Charts|Jazz Chord Charts Database]] | |||
**[https://www.howmusicworks.org/703/Playing-with-Chords/Slash-Chord-Notation Slash Notation] | **[https://www.howmusicworks.org/703/Playing-with-Chords/Slash-Chord-Notation Slash Notation] | ||
**Nashville Notation: [https://guitarthinker.com/lessons/nashville-number-system "Nashville Number System."] (''Guitar Thinker'') | **Nashville Notation: [https://guitarthinker.com/lessons/nashville-number-system "Nashville Number System."] (''Guitar Thinker'') | ||
* | *Tablatures (historical and worldwide): | ||
**Guitar Tablature: "[https://www.musicnotes.com/now/tips/how-to-read-guitar-tabs/ Guitar Tab Explained."] (''Music Notes Now'' Blog) | **Guitar Tablature: "[https://www.musicnotes.com/now/tips/how-to-read-guitar-tabs/ Guitar Tab Explained."] (''Music Notes Now'' Blog) | ||
**[https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com Ultimate Guitar Tabs] | |||
**Chinese Gugin Tablature: [http://www.peiyouqin.com P. Chang "PeiyouQin"] | **Chinese Gugin Tablature: [http://www.peiyouqin.com P. Chang "PeiyouQin"] | ||
* | *Other World Musics | ||
**Ancient Greek notation (i.e. Epitaph of Seikilos: [[wikipedia:Seikilos_epitaph|Wikipedia Article]]) | **Ancient Greek notation (i.e. Epitaph of Seikilos: [[wikipedia:Seikilos_epitaph|Wikipedia Article]]) | ||
**[http://www.gamelanbvg.com/gendhing/index.php Gamelan | **Javanese Gamelan cipher notation: [https://sumarsam.web.wesleyan.edu/Intro.gamelan.pdf Sumarsam: Introduction to Gamelan] (Piece database: [http://www.gamelanbvg.com/gendhing/index.php Gendhing Jawi: Javanese Gamelan Notation Database]) | ||
**[[wikipedia:Gongche_notation|Chinese Gongche Notation]] | **[[wikipedia:Gongche_notation|Chinese Gongche Notation]] | ||
* | *Various modalities | ||
**Braille notation | **Braille notation | ||
**MIDI signals | **MIDI signals | ||
**XML (or other computer-coded notations) | **XML (or other computer-coded notations) | ||
**DAW visualizations | **DAW visualizations | ||
**[[wikipedia:Dance_notation|Dance notation]] | **[[wikipedia:Dance_notation|Dance notation]] | ||
'''Tools''' | '''Tools''' | ||
*[https://www.snoize.com/MIDIMonitor/ MIDI Monitor] (Software; Mac only) | *[https://www.snoize.com/MIDIMonitor/ MIDI Monitor] (Software; Mac only) | ||
*[http://www.midiox.com MIDIOX] (Software; Windows only) | *[http://www.midiox.com MIDIOX] (Software; Windows only) | ||
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==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
[[Category:Fundamentals of Sound & Music]] | |||
[[Category:Theory 1]] | |||
[[Category:Notation]] | |||
Revision as of 22:08, 16 July 2020
| This lesson is part of the Fundamentals of Sound & Music module. |
Objectives
- Student will be able to critically assess the difference between an aural cue and its visual representation
- Student will learn the definitions of etic vs. emic; prescriptive vs. descriptive notations
- Student will be able to identify the emic/etic and descriptive/prescriptive aspects of various notations
- Student will assess the functionality of different notation system(s) according to specific goals (i.e. performativity vs. representation)
- Student will be familiar with various notation systems and the main sonic aspect they represent, notably: guitar tablature, lead sheet notation, braille music notation, and electronic notation formats such as Standard MIDI File and MusicXML.
Resources
Readings
Notation Explained
- Handout on Prescriptive/Descriptive and Etic/Emic notations
- A. Granade, "Cracking the Code: What Notation Can Tell Us About Our Musical Values" (Open Access Musicology, forthcoming)
- C. Rowbury, "Music Notation: What is it good for and why does it matter?" (From the Front of the Choir Blog, 2011)
- C. Rowbury, "The song is not the sheet music!" (From the Front of the Choir Blog, 2010)
- C. Rowbury, "Using sheet music to teach and learn songs: the Pros and Cons" (From the Front of the Choir Blog, 2011)
- "Specifying the information you want." (Global Notation Website, 2020)
Histories of Western Notations
- J. Bennett. "How was musical notation invented? A brief history." (How To Classical Blog, 2017)
- V. Williams. "The Evolution of music notation." (My Music Theory Blog)
- D. Hall, "The Art of Visualizing Music."
Individual Notation Types
- Western notations through history
- Chant Notation(s)
- Rhythmic Modes
- Protonotation: Shaffer et al. "Protonotation" (Open Music Theory)
- Figured Bass Notation
- Sacred Harp Shape Note Singing
- Drum Notation: "Drum Notation." (Drum Book 2013)
- Common popular music notations
- Jazz Chart Notation: "How to read jazz chords and lead sheets." (Jazz Guitar Online)
- [1]Jazz Chord Charts Database
- Slash Notation
- Nashville Notation: "Nashville Number System." (Guitar Thinker)
- Tablatures (historical and worldwide):
- Guitar Tablature: "Guitar Tab Explained." (Music Notes Now Blog)
- Ultimate Guitar Tabs
- Chinese Gugin Tablature: P. Chang "PeiyouQin"
- Other World Musics
- Ancient Greek notation (i.e. Epitaph of Seikilos: Wikipedia Article)
- Javanese Gamelan cipher notation: Sumarsam: Introduction to Gamelan (Piece database: Gendhing Jawi: Javanese Gamelan Notation Database)
- Chinese Gongche Notation
- Various modalities
- Braille notation
- MIDI signals
- XML (or other computer-coded notations)
- DAW visualizations
- Dance notation
Tools
- MIDI Monitor (Software; Mac only)
- MIDIOX (Software; Windows only)
- Audacity (Software)
Class Activities
- Discussion and demonstration of different notation systems and their individual purposes, strengths and weaknesses
- Transcription of a simple melody in guitar tablature (given fretboard diagrams) and braille music notation
- Demonstration of the creation of various electronic notation formats
- Demonstration of MIDI signals using MIDI monitor software
- Listening and "quick" transcription of musical examples: compare to score and discuss differences based on notation's function.
- In-class interpretation of various notations on different instruments.
- If you have a Javanese gamelan: Have students perform from gamelan notation and illustrate non-written practices
Assignments
- Notating short melodies in different notation systems
- Transcription assignment: ask students to transcribe examples from various musical traditions with different aims and/or given different parameters (i.e. "notate the pitch parameter.")